See L-Tyrosine.

[German] See: Phenethylamine (PEA).

See: Phenethylamine (PEA).

Also known as “methoxyisoflavone” or “methoxy.”   5-Methyl-7-Methoxyisoflavone is a derivative of ipriflavone touted as a non-hormonal muscle-building supplement. A 2006 study on resistance-trained men, however, failed to find any benefit.

See 7-Keto-DHEA.

7-Keto-DHEA is an acetylated form of a DHEA metabolite (7-oxo-DHEA) used in a number of weight loss supplements.  Unlike DHEA, it cannot be converted to androgens (i.e., testosterone) or estrogens. 

Several studies in humans indicate that 7-Keto-DHEA can modestly increase RMR and enhance weight/fat loss when taken in conjunction with a structured diet and exercise program.  Studies in rats have shown 7-keto may work by increasing levels of thermogenic enzymes.  It may also help reduce cortisol (stress hormone) levels.

Also known as 3-acetyl-7-keto-DHEA and 3-acetyl-7-oxo-dehydroepiandosterone.

See Alpha-Lipoic Acid.

Also known as Ponasterone A.  An ecdysteroid and analog of 20-hydroxyecdysone.  25-Deoxy-20-Hydroxyecdysone is sometimes listed as a component of standardized extracts used in bodybuilding supplements, although there is little information on what effects – if any – it has on mammals when given in isolation (FYI: one chemical supplier states it’s “inert to mammalian physiology”).

See 20-Hydroxyecdysone.

An ecdysteroid shown to have modest, growth-promoting and muscle-building effects in animal experiments. 20-hydroxyecdysone (or plant extracts standardized for 20-hydroxyecdysone) is non-toxic, and used in a variety of bodybuilding supplements, but whether it actually helps increase muscle mass and strength in humans is unknown.  A small, 2006 study on resistance-trained males taking a standardized, Polypodium vulgare/Suma root extract showed no effect at the dose administered.

Supplements containing 20-hydroxyecdysone (CAS 5289-74-7) use a variety of synonyms, including 20-beta-hydroxyecdysterone, beta-ecdysterone, beta-ecdysone, 20-hydroxy-ecdysterone, 20-beta-hydroxy ecdysone,  hydroxyecdysone, ecdysterone, and ecdisten.