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A sulfur-substituted fatty acid analog with hypolipidemic, hypotensive, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. TTA is an activator of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, and increases mitochondrial beta-oxidation (the process of oxidizing fatty acids for energy). Not coincidentally, TTA is used as an ingredient in various weight loss supplements, although its efficacy in humans has not been studied.
A “highly-branched cyclic dexrin” produced from amylopectin (a type of starch) by Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd. Cluster Dextrin is a highly soluble, high molecular weight carbohydrate marketed as a food additive and carb source for sports drinks/supps.
Also written (correctly) as 1,3-di-n-propyl-7-propargylxanthine. A synthetic caffeine analog that is reportedly 100 times more potent than caffeine at both A1 and A2 adensosine receptors. It has not, however, been tested in humans.
A citrus bioflavonoid closely related to hesperidin. Diosmin is used extensively in Europe to treat chronic venous insufficiency, hemorrhoids and varicose veins. Diosmin also has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and (experimental) antitumor activities.
Chemical name: 3′,5,7-trihydroxy-4′-methoxyflavone-7-rutinoside.
